Pascal
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* common: bound control vector layer indices by the model layer count A direction tensor layer index is parsed from the tensor name with no upper bound, and the buffer size and write offset are computed in int. A large index overflows both, so the accumulation writes before the start of the buffer. Pass the model layer count to the loader, reject indices above it like the existing zero index check, and compute the sizes in size_t. * mtmd: fill M-RoPE positions by whole merge tiles The position loops of the Qwen-VL, GLM, PaddleOCR and Qwen2.5-VL encoders hardcode a 2x2 merge inside a stride of n_merge, so a patch grid that is not a multiple of the merge writes past the positions buffer. Iterate over whole merge tiles with n_merge inner steps, which bounds the writes by the patch count and gives the same positions on aligned grids. PaddleOCR also requires a merge aligned image at graph build, as the Qwen-VL family already does.
Multimodal Support in llama.cpp
This directory provides multimodal capabilities for llama.cpp. Initially intended as a showcase for running LLaVA models, its scope has expanded significantly over time to include various other vision-capable models. As a result, LLaVA is no longer the only multimodal architecture supported.
Important
Multimodal support can be viewed as a sub-project within
llama.cpp. It is under very heavy development, and breaking changes are expected.
The naming and structure related to multimodal support have evolved, which might cause some confusion. Here's a brief timeline to clarify:
- #3436: Initial support for LLaVA 1.5 was added, introducing
llava.cppandclip.cpp. Thellava-clibinary was created for model interaction. - #4954: Support for MobileVLM was added, becoming the second vision model supported. This built upon the existing
llava.cpp,clip.cpp, andllava-cliinfrastructure. - Expansion & Fragmentation: Many new models were subsequently added (e.g., #7599, #10361, #12344, and others). However,
llava-clilacked support for the increasingly complex chat templates required by these models. This led to the creation of model-specific binaries likeqwen2vl-cli,minicpmv-cli, andgemma3-cli. While functional, this proliferation of command-line tools became confusing for users. - #12849:
libmtmdwas introduced as a replacement forllava.cpp. Its goals include providing a single, unified command-line interface, improving the user/developer experience (UX/DX), and supporting both audio and image inputs. - #13012:
mtmd-cliwas added, consolidating the various model-specific CLIs into a single tool powered bylibmtmd.
Pre-quantized models
See the list of pre-quantized model here
How it works and what is mmproj?
Multimodal support in llama.cpp works by encoding images into embeddings using a separate model component, and then feeding these embeddings into the language model.
This approach keeps the multimodal components distinct from the core libllama library. Separating these allows for faster, independent development cycles. While many modern vision models are based on Vision Transformers (ViTs), their specific pre-processing and projection steps can vary significantly. Integrating this diverse complexity directly into libllama is currently challenging.
Consequently, running a multimodal model typically requires two GGUF files:
- The standard language model file.
- A corresponding multimodal projector (
mmproj) file, which handles the image encoding and projection.
What is libmtmd?
As outlined in the history, libmtmd is the modern library designed to replace the original llava.cpp implementation for handling multimodal inputs.
Built upon clip.cpp (similar to llava.cpp), libmtmd offers several advantages:
- Unified Interface: Aims to consolidate interaction for various multimodal models.
- Improved UX/DX: Features a more intuitive API, inspired by the
Processorclass in the Hugging Facetransformerslibrary. - Flexibility: Designed to support multiple input types (text, audio, images) while respecting the wide variety of chat templates used by different models.
How to obtain mmproj
Multimodal projector (mmproj) files are specific to each model architecture.
For the following models, you can use convert_hf_to_gguf.py with --mmproj flag to get the mmproj file:
- Gemma 3 ; See the guide here - Note: 1B variant does not have vision support
- SmolVLM (from HuggingFaceTB)
- SmolVLM2 (from HuggingFaceTB)
- Pixtral 12B - only works with
transformers-compatible checkpoint - Qwen 2 VL and Qwen 2.5 VL (from Qwen)
- Mistral Small 3.1 24B
- InternVL 2.5 and InternVL 3 from OpenGVLab (note: we don't support conversion of
InternVL3-*-hfmodel, only non-HF version is supported ;InternLM2Modeltext model is not supported) - MiniCPM-V 4.6 ; See the guide here - requires the standard
transformersv5.7.0+ checkpoint
For older models, please refer to the relevant guide for instructions on how to obtain or create them:
NOTE: conversion scripts are located under tools/mtmd/legacy-models